DR. TANVI.S.KATREFemale Disorders
Female Disorders
IRREGULAR MENSES
Your period is still considered “regular” even if it varies slightly from cycle to cycle. Examples of irregular menstruation include:
- Periods that occur fewer than 21 days or more than 35 days apart.
- Missing three or more periods in a row.
- Menstrual flow (bleeding) that’s much heavier or lighter than usual.
- Periods that last longer than seven days.
- Length of time between cycles varies by more than nine days. For example, one cycle is 28 days, the next is 37 days, and the next is 29 days.
- Periods that are accompanied by severe pain, cramping, nausea, or vomiting.
- Bleeding or spotting that happens between periods, after menopause, or after sexual intercourse.
- Soaking through one or more tampons or sanitary pads in an hour.
Conditions Related To Irregular Menstruation
- Amenorrhoea: A condition where your periods have stopped completely. The absence of a period for 90 days or more is considered abnormal unless you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or going through menopause (which generally occurs between ages 45 and 55). If you haven’t started menstruating by age 15 or 16 or within three years of your breasts developing, you may also have amenorrhea.
- Oligomenorrhoea: A condition where your periods occur infrequently. You may go more than 35 days between periods or have six to eight periods a year.
- Dysmenorrhoea: A medical term for painful periods and severe menstrual cramps. Some discomfort during your cycle is normal.
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Abnormal uterine bleeding is bleeding between monthly periods, prolonged bleeding, or an extremely heavy period.
What Is Dysmenorrhoea?
Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for painful periods (menses) or menstrual cramps.
Signs & Symptoms Of Dysmenorrhoea
- Aching, throbbing pain in your abdomen (pain may be severe at times).
- Feeling of pressure in your abdomen.
- Pain in your hips, lower back, and inner thighs.
- Other symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and headaches.
What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance that occurs when your ovaries (the organ that produces and releases eggs) create excess hormones. If you have PCOS, your ovaries produce unusually high levels of hormones called androgens. This causes your reproductive hormones to become imbalanced.
Signs & Symptoms Of PCOS
- Irregular periods: Abnormal menstruation involves missing periods or not having a period at all. It may also involve heavy bleeding during periods.
- Abnormal hair growth: You may grow excess facial hair or experience heavy hair growth on your arms, chest, and abdomen (hirsutism). This affects up to 70% of people with PCOS.
- Acne: PCOS can cause acne, especially on your back, chest, and face. This acne may continue past your teenage years and may be difficult to treat.
- Obesity: Between 40% and 80% of people with PCOS have obesity and have trouble maintaining a weight that’s healthy for them.
- Darkening of Skin: You may get patches of dark skin, especially in the folds of your neck, armpits, groin (between the legs), and under your breasts. This is known as acanthosis nigricans.
- Cysts: Many people with PCOS have ovaries that appear larger or with many follicles (egg sac cysts) on ultrasound.
- Skin Tags: Skin tags are little flaps of extra skin. They’re often found in your armpits or on your neck.
- Thinning Hair: People with PCOS may lose patches of hair on their head or start to bald.
- Infertility: PCOS is the most common cause of infertility. Not ovulating regularly or frequently can result in not being able to conceive.
What Is Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)?
Polycystic Ovarian Disease or PCOD is a condition of hormonal imbalance that disrupts the normal fertility cycle in women. It occurs due to an abnormal situation when one of the ovaries starts overproducing the immature eggs that get accumulated in the ovary.
Signs & Symptoms Of PCOD
- Irregular Menstrual Periods
- Heavy Bleeding in Menstrual Cycles
- Acne
- Excessive growth of hair on the body
- Hair Loss
- Baldness
- Obesity
- Pigmentation
- Sleep Disorder
- Depression
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Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual syndrome or PMS describes symptoms that show up before your period. Symptoms can be based on emotions such as irritability or depression, or you may have physical symptoms like breast pain or bloating. These symptoms usually arise one to two weeks before you start your period and return at the same time each month.
Emotional and Behavioural Signs and Symptoms Of PMS
- Tension or anxiety
- Depressed mood
- Crying spells
- Mood swings and irritability or anger
- Appetite changes and food cravings
- Trouble falling asleep (insomnia)
- Social withdrawal
- Poor concentration
- Change in libido
Physical signs and symptoms Of PMS
- Joint or muscle pain
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Weight gain related to fluid retention
- Abdominal bloating
- Breast tenderness
- Acne flare-ups
- Constipation or diarrhoea
- Alcohol intolerance
Menopause
Menopause is a point in time when you’ve gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual cycle. Menopause is the point when you no longer have menstrual periods. At this stage, your ovaries have stopped releasing eggs and stopped producing most of their estrogen.
Signs & Symptoms Of Menopause
- Hot flashes, also known as vasomotor symptoms (a sudden feeling of warmth that spreads over your body).
- Night sweats and/or cold flashes.
- Vaginal dryness that causes discomfort during sex.
- Urinary urgency (a pressing need to pee more frequently).
- Difficulty sleeping (insomnia).
- Emotional changes (irritability, mood swings or mild depression).
- Dry skin, dry eyes or dry mouth.
- Breast tenderness.
- Worsening of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
- Irregular periods or periods that are heavier or lighter than usual.
- Racing heart.
- Headache.
- Joint and muscle aches and pains.
- Changes in libido (sex drive).
- Difficulty concentrating or memory lapses (often temporary).
- Weight gain.
- Hair loss or thinning.
